JJO-1

JJO-1 is a bi-quinoline that allosterically activates all AMPK ??? isoforms in vitro except complexes containing the ?3 subunit. JJO-1 does not directly activate the autoinhibited ? subunit kinase domain and differs among other known direct activators of AMPK in that allosteric activation occurs only at low ATP concentrations, and is not influenced by either mutation of the ? subunit adenylate-nucleotide binding sites or deletion of the ? subunit carbohydrate-binding module.