Picolinafen

Picolinafen is a pyridine herbicide that functions as an inhibitor of phytoene desaturase (PDS) and is utilized for its ability to manage the growth of broadleaf weeds by disrupting carotenoid biosynthesis. It exhibits cytotoxicity towards porcine trophoblast cells (pTr) and porcine luminal epithelial cells (pLE) . By inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depleting calcium, and activating MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways, Picolinafen leads to reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, impaired migration abilities, and altered expression of implantation-related genes, ultimately affecting the implantation capability of pTr cells. The LD50 value of Picolinafen for mammals is 2.7 mg/kg, and it is 7 μg/L for fish. Additionally, Picolinafen shows toxic effects during zebrafish embryonic development.