TC-2559 free base

TC-2559 free base is an ?4?2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist with an EC50 of 0.18 ?M. It shows weaker agonistic effects on ?4 subunit nAChR genotypes (?2?4, ?4?4, and ?3?4 receptors), with EC50 values ranging from 10-30 ?M. In vitro, TC-2559 free base enhances dopamine cell firing in the rat ventral tegmental area (VTA), increasing the excitability and bursting activity of VTA dopaminergic neurons. It also inhibits STAT3 to exert anti-inflammatory effects, alleviates mechanical allodynia in mice, and improves cognitive deficits in rats. TC-2559 free base is utilized in neuropathic pain research.