Neuroprotective agent 5

Neuroprotective agent 5 (compound 28) acts as a brain-penetrating agent with anti-neuroinflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. It exhibits potent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) with an EC50 of 0.49 ?M and suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory mediators PGE2 and TNF-?. Additionally, it downregulates the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, facilitating the polarization of BV-2 cells from a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Neuroprotective agent 5 also dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the aggregation of A?42. This compound is useful for research into Alzheimer's disease.