S100BB Protein (Active)

S100B (S100 calcium binding protein B) is a glial-derived protein that is a well-established biomarker for severity of neurological injury and prognosis for recovery. It functions as a neurotrophic factor and neuronal survival protein during development of the central nervous system. S100B is glial-specific and is expressed at high levels in brain primarily by astrocytes, but not all astrocytes express S100B. It has been shown that S100B is only expressed by a subtype of mature astrocytes that ensheath blood vessels and by NG2-expressing cells. The increased S100B in the brain can be detrimental and may augment pathogenic responses to injury by accelerating neuroinflammatory processes. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in several neurological, neoplastic, and other types of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, melanoma, and type I diabetes. And the regulation of S100B by melittin has potential for the treatment of epilepsy.

Wainwright, M. S., Craft, J. M., Griffin, W. S. T., Marks, A., Pineda, J., Padgett, K. R., Van Eldik, L. J. Increased susceptibility of S100B transgenic mice to perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. Ann. Neurol. 56: 61-67, 2004. Wang DD, Bordey A (December 2008) . "The astrocyte odyssey". Prog. Neurobiol. 86 (4) : 342–67. Verma N, Karmakar M, Singh KP, Smita S (February 2013) . "Structural and Dynamic Insights into S100B Protein Activity Inhibition by Melittin for the Treatment of Epilepsy". International journal of Computer Application. NSAAILS (0975 – 8887) : 55–60.