Recombinant Human Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase230, GAD230 Protein

Glutamate decarboxylase or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to GABA and CO2. In mammals, GAD exists in two isoforms encoded by two different genes - GAD1 and GAD2. These isoforms are GAD67 and GAD65 with molecular weights of 67 and 65 kDa, respectively. GAD65 and GAD67 synthesize GABA at different locations in the cell, at different developmental times, and for functionally different purposes. GAD67 is spread evenly throughout the cell while GAD65 is localized to nerve terminals. Gad67 in Drd1a-expressing neurons plays a key role in the development of LID and they support the hypothesis that altered GABAergic neurotransmission in the direct pathway is involved in dyskinesia.

1. Erlander MG, Tillakaratne NJ, Feldblum S, Patel N, Tobin AJ (1991) . "Two genes encode distinct glutamate decarboxylases". Neuron 7 (1) : 91–100. 2. Pinal CS, Tobin AJ (1998) . "Uniqueness and redundancy in GABA production". Perspectives on developmental neurobiology 5 (2–3) : 109–118. 3. Zhang K, Chammas C, Soghomonian JJ. Loss of glutamic acid decarboxylase (Gad67) in striatal neurons expressing the Drdr1a dopamine receptor prevents L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned mice. Neuroscience. 2015 Sep 10;303:586-94..