CDDO-Me

Potent activator of Nrf2 target transcription via interaction with thiol groups of Keap1, an Nrf2 partner, in phase 2 response against oxidative stress.1 Inhibits the NF-κB pathway via inhibition of IKKα activation in vitro2 and reduces expression of proinflammatory cytokines in vivo3. Alters tumor microenvironment causing breast tumor associated macrophages to switch from tumor-promoting to tumor-inhibiting characteristics in vitro.4 Reduces cancer stem cell marker expression in Ec109 and KYSE70 cells.5