Canine IL-21 ELISpot

IL-21 is a member of the type I cytokine family, which includes IL-2 and IL-15. IL-21 signals through the common gamma-chain and a unique IL-21 receptor. The IL-21 receptor is expressed in cells lymphoid-lineage and regulates the proliferation and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes. Studies suggest that IL-21 is a key component of CD4 T cell help that is required for maintaining the CD8+ T cell responses and inducing B cell antibody response. IL-21 also promotes the development of Th17 and Tfh cells, modulates the cytotoxic activity and survival of NK and CD8+ T cells, and suppresses the maturation of dendritic cells. It is also implicated in the development of autoimmune disease and has antitumor activity.