Dolphin Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA) ELISpot

IL1RA is secreted by various types of cells including immune cells, epithelial cells, and adipocytes, and is a natural inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory effect of IL-1β. It inhibits the activities of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, and modulates a variety of interleukin 1 related immune and inflammatory responses. The IL-1 family of cytokines encompasses eleven proteins that each share a similar β-barrel structure and bind to Ig-like receptors. Several of the well characterized members of the IL-1-like cytokines play key roles in the development and regulation of inflammation. IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-18 (IL-1F4) are well-known inflammatory cytokines active in the initiation of the inflammatory reaction and in driving Th1 and Th17 inflammatory responses. In contrast, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; IL-1F3) and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36ra; IL-1F5) reduce inflammation by blocking the binding of the agonist receptor ligands. IL-33 (IL-1F11) is thought to function as an 'alarmin' released following cell necrosis to alerting the immune system to tissue damage or stress. The biological properties of IL-37 (IL-1F7) are mainly those of down-regulating inflammation.

Delphinapterus leucas (beluga whale), Globicephala melas (long-finned pilot whale), Monodon monoceros (narwhal), Phocoena sinus (vaquita), Tursiops truncatus (common bottlenose dolphin)