DEFB4, Rat

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!Recombinant Rat Defensin, Beta 4RBD-4, DEFB4Rat beta-defensin 4 (DEFB4) is an antimicrobial peptide that contributes to the innate immune system and is active against gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It also contributes to the adaptive immune system through recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection through chemotaxis. Like the other β-defensins, DEFB4 is a small protein that contains a motif consisting of six cysteine residues which form three intramolecular disulfide bridges. It is expressed in epithelia of many organs, including the lung and skin, as well as in monocytes and macrophages. Expression is induced by proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL1B and IFNG. DEFB4 is a cationic peptide that disrupts the membranes of invading microbes, which are negatively charged due to the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA) . DEFB4 stimulates mast cells to induce Ca2+ mobilization, histamine release, and COX-1 mediated prostaglandin D2 release in a G-protein-dependent and phospholipase C-dependent manner. DEFB4 also stimulates cholinergic Ca2+-dependent epithelial Cl-secretion. Inhibition of DEFB4 by high salt concentration may play a role in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis.Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder. Purified and tested for use in cell culture.Source:Escherichia coliMW: ~4.4 kDa (41 amino acids) Purity: >95% by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analyses.Biological Activity: Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using immature human monocytes is in a concentration range of 0.1-100.0 ng/ml.