VEGF164

Mouse Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor164 (VEGF164), a 19,2 kDa protein consisting of 164 amino acid residues, is produced as a homodimer. VEGF164 is a polypeptide growth factor and a member of the platelet-derived growth factor family. It is a specific mitogen for vascular endothelial cells and a strong angiogenic factor in vivo. Two high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors for VEGF164 have been identified, VEGFR-1 (FLT-1), and VEGFR-2 (Flk-1) . Consistent with the endothelial cell-specific action of VEGF164, expression of both receptor genes has been found predominantly but not exclusively on endothelial cells. Expression of VEGFR-1 was also found on human monocytes, neutrophils (PMNs), bovine brain pericytes and villous and extravillous trophoblasts. In addition to its action as a mitogen it is a potent vascular permeability factor (VPF) in vivo and is also a chemo attractant for monocytes and endothelial cells. At least four different proteins are generated by differential splicing of the mouse VEGF gene: VEGF120, VEGF144, VEGF164 and VEGF188. The most abundant form is VEGF164. Whereas VEGF120, VEGF144, and VEGF164 are secreted proteins, VEGF188 is strongly cell-associated. In addition, the isoforms VEGF164 and VEGF188 bind to heparin with high affinity. VEGF is apparently a homodimer, but preparations of VEGF show some heterogeneity on SDS gels depending of the secretion of different forms and the varying degrees of glycosylation. All dimeric forms possess similar biological activities. There is evidence that heterodimeric molecules between the different isoforms exists and that different cells and tissues express different VEGF isoforms. A related protein of VEGF is placenta growth factor (PlGF) with about 53% homology and VEGF-B with similar biological activities.