Atractyloside (potassium salt)

Atractyloside potassium salt is a powerful and specific inhibitor of mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Atractyloside potassium salt inhibits chloride channels from mitochondrial membranes of rat heart. Atractyloside potassium salt activates autophagy, inhibits ANT2, mTOR and promotes the activation of p-AMPK. Atractyloside potassium salt has anti-cancer effects on non-small cell lung cancer and can inhibit liver steatosis. Atractylodesin potassium salt has nephrotoxicity[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].

Product Specifications

CAS Number

[102130-43-8]

UNSPSC

12352005

Hazard Statement

H301+H311+H331

Target

AMPK; Autophagy; Chloride Channel; mTOR

Type

Natural Products

Related Pathways

Autophagy; Epigenetics; Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel; PI3K/Akt/mTOR

Field of Research

Cancer; Metabolic Disease; Cardiovascular Disease

Assay Protocol

https://www.medchemexpress.com/atractyloside-potassium-salt.html

Purity

99.93

Solubility

DMSO : 250 mg/mL (ultrasonic) |H2O : 66.67 mg/mL (ultrasonic)

Smiles

[H][C@@]12C(C(O)=O)C[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O3)OS(=O)(O[K])=O)OS(=O)(O[K])=O)OC(CC(C)C)=O)C[C@@]1(C)[C@@]4([H])[C@@]5([C@@H](O)C([C@H](CC4)C5)=C)CC2

Molecular Formula

C30H44K2O16S2

Molecular Weight

802.99

Precautions

H301+H311+H331

References & Citations

[1]Nikles S, et al. Influence of Processing on the Content of Toxic Carboxyatractyloside and Atractyloside and the Microbiological Status of Xanthium sibiricum Fruits (Cang'erzi) . Planta Med. 2015 Aug;81 (12-13) :1213-20.|[2]Lemasters JJ, et al. Phosphate dependence and atractyloside inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The ADP-ATP carrier is rate-limiting. J Biol Chem. 1979 Feb 25;254 (4) :1248-51.|[3]Malekova L, et al. Bongkrekic acid and atractyloside inhibits chloride channels from mitochondrial membranes of rat heart. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jan;1767 (1) :31-44.|[4]Malekova L, et al. Bongkrekic acid and atractyloside inhibits chloride channels from mitochondrial membranes of rat heart. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jan;1767 (1) :31-44.|[5]Song R, et al. Atractyloside induces low contractile reaction of arteriolar smooth muscle through mitochondrial damage. J Appl Toxicol. 2012 Jun;32 (6) :402-8.|[6]Zhang P, et al. Mitochondrial Energy-Regulating Effect of Atractyloside Inhibits Hepatocellular Steatosis Through the Activation of Autophagy. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Sep 30;11:575695.|[7]Capasso JM, et al. Effect of atractylosides, palmitoyl coenzyme A, and anion transport inhibitors on translocation of nucleotide sugars and nucleotide sulfate into Golgi vesicles. J Biol Chem. 1984 Apr 10;259 (7) :4263-6.|[8]Obatomi DK, et al. Selective cytotoxicity associated with in vitro exposure of fresh rat renal fragments and continuous cell lines to atractyloside. Arch Toxicol. 1996;71 (1-2) :93-8.|[9]Obatomi DK, et al. The toxic mechanism and metabolic effects of atractyloside in precision-cut pig kidney and liver slices. Arch Toxicol. 1998 Jul-Aug;72 (8) :524-30.|[10]Yao W, et al. Atractyloside inhibits gefitinib‑resistant non‑small‑cell lung cancer cell proliferation. Oncol Lett. 2024 Jul 30;28 (4) :466.|[11]Vancompernolle K, et al. Atractyloside-induced release of cathepsin B, a protease with caspase-processing activity. FEBS Lett. 1998 Nov 6;438 (3) :150-8.|[12]Gao Q, et al. Atractyloside and 5-hydroxydecanoate block the protective effect of puerarin in isolated rat heart. Life Sci. 2006 Jun 13;79 (3) :217-24.|[13]Zhang P, et al. Atractyloside Protect Mice Against Liver Steatosis by Activation of Autophagy via ANT-AMPK-mTORC1 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Sep 21;12:736655.|[14]Carpenedo F, et al. Nephrotoxic effect of atractyloside in rats. Arch Toxicol. 1974;32 (3) :169-80.