Glucosamine

Glucosamine (D-Glucosamine) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes[1].

Product Specifications

CAS Number

[3416-24-8]

Product Name Alternative

D-Glucosamine; Chitosamine

UNSPSC

12352211

Hazard Statement

H302, H315, H319, H335

Target

Autophagy; CFTR; Endogenous Metabolite; HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase; Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Type

Natural Products

Related Pathways

Autophagy; Immunology/Inflammation; Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; NF-κB

Applications

COVID-19-immunoregulation

Field of Research

Cancer; Inflammation/Immunology

Assay Protocol

https://www.medchemexpress.com/Glucosamine.html

Purity

98.0

Solubility

DMSO : 3.33 mg/mL (ultrasonic) |H2O : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic; warming; heat to 60°C)

Smiles

O=C[C@H](N)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O

Molecular Formula

C6H13NO5

Molecular Weight

179.17

Precautions

H302, H315, H319, H335

References & Citations

[1]Bruyère O, et al. Efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate in the management of osteoarthritis: Evidence from real-life setting trials and surveys. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016 Feb;45 (4 Suppl) :S12-7.|[2]Jamialahmadi K, et al. Protective effects of glucosamine hydrochloride against free radical-induced erythrocytes damage. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014 Jul;38 (1) :212-9.|[3]Jo JR, et al. Short-term treatment with glucosamine hydrochloride specifically downregulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α at the protein level in YD-8 human tongue cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 2014 May;44 (5) :1699-706.|[4]Park J, et al. Glucosamine hydrochloride exerts a protective effect against unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis by attenuating TGF-β signaling. J Mol Med (Berl) . 2013 Nov;91 (11) :1273-84.

Shipping Conditions

Room Temperature

Storage Conditions

-20°C, 3 years; 4°C, 2 years (Powder)

Scientific Category

Natural Products

Clinical Information

Launched

Isoform

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Citation 01

Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2025 Jun 1;328 (6) :G746-G759.|Biocell. 2025 Sep 25;49 (9) :1711-1731.|Cell Rep. 2025 Sep 10;44 (9) :116249.|Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Oct 18;143 (Pt 2) :113427.|Microbiome. 2019 Mar 20;7 (1) :43. |Mil Med Res. 2025 Jul 28;12 (1) :39.|Nature. 2025 Jul;643 (8070) :192-200.|Theranostics. 2021 Mar 24;11 (12) :5650-5674.|Diabet Metab Synd Ob. 2025 Jul 28.|Laurea Magistrale in Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano. 2019 Jun.