Bovine TNF-alpha ELISA Kit PicoKine®

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, or TNF) is secreted by macrophages in response to inflammation, infection and cancer. Human Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are cytotoxic proteins which have similar biological activities and share 30% amino acid homology. TNF-alpha is produced by monocytes, which can stimulate endothelial cells to produce the multilineage growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and extend the role of this immunoregulatory protein to the regulation of hematopoiesis in vitro. TNF is a soluble protein that causes damage to tumor cells but has no effect on normal cells. Human TNF has been purified to apparent homogeneity as a 17.3-kilodalton protein from HL-60 leukemia cells and has showed cytotoxic and cytostatic activities against various human tumor cell lines. The human TNF cDNA is 1585 base pairs in length and encodes a protein of 233 amino acids. The mature protein begins at residue 77, leaving a long leader sequence of 76 amino acids. TNF-alpha has been mapped to human chromosome 6.

Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 163 529 3416 131 932 3048 Standard deviation 6.54 32.43 95.31 5.20 20.78 134.72 CV (%) 4.0% 6.1% 2.8% 4.0% 2.2% 4.4% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 163 529 3416 131 932 3048 Standard deviation 6.54 32.43 95.31 5.20 20.78 134.72 CV (%) 4.0% 6.1% 2.8% 4.0% 2.2% 4.4% Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Intra-Assay Precision Inter-Assay Precision Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 Sample 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 n 16 16 16 24 24 24 Mean (pg/ml) 163 529 3416 131 932 3048 Mean (pg/ml) 163 529 3416 131 932 3048 Standard deviation 6.54 32.43 95.31 5.20 20.78 134.72 Standard deviation 6.54 32.43 95.31 5.20 20.78 134.72 CV (%) 4.0% 6.1% 2.8% 4.0% 2.2% 4.4% CV (%) 4.0% 6.1% 2.8% 4.0% 2.2% 4.4%

Description|Quantity Pre-coated 96-well strip microplate|1 Standard|2 vials Biotinylated antibody (100x) |100ul Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (100x) |100ul Sample Diluent|30ml Antibody Diluent|12ml Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Diluent|12ml Color Developing Reagent (TMB) |10ml Stop Solution|10ml Wash Buffer (25x) |20ml Adhesive plate sealers|4

Store at 4°C for 6 months, at -20°C for 12 months. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles (Ships with gel ice, can store for up to 3 days in room temperature. Freeze upon receiving.)

Concentration (pg/ml) 0 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 O.D. 0.042 0.121 0.162 0.237 0.374 0.663 1.2 2.303 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 O.D. 0.042 0.121 0.162 0.237 0.374 0.663 1.2 2.303 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Concentration (pg/ml) 0 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 O.D. 0.042 0.121 0.162 0.237 0.374 0.663 1.2 2.303 O.D. 0.042 0.121 0.162 0.237 0.374 0.663 1.2 2.303

Microplate Reader capable of reading absorbance at 450nm. Incubator. Automated plate washer (optional) . Pipettes and pipette tips capable of precisely dispensing 0.5 μl through 1 ml volumes of aqueous solutions. Multichannel pipettes are recommended for large amount of samples. Deionized or distilled water. 500ml graduated cylinders. Test tubes for dilution.