Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) trisodium

Ganglioside GT1b bovine trisodium is a trisialoganglioside that binds to botulinum toxin type A (BTxA), BTxA heavy chain, and tetanus toxin with IC50 values of 11, 0.74, and 7.2 μM, respectively. It acts as a TLR2 agonist in spinal cord microglia, leading to microglial activation, increased expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and heightened pain sensitivity. Additionally, Ganglioside GT1b bovine trisodium reduces the production of IL-6, IL-10, IgG, IgM, and IgA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) . In neuronal cell models, it elevates extracellular glutamate levels. Ganglioside GT1b bovine trisodium is used in the research of immune and neurological disorders.