ALR2-IN-9

ALR2-IN-9 is a potent inhibitor of ALR2 with an IC50 of 21.8 nM, demonstrating excellent antioxidant activity with an EC50 of 2.8 μM in DPPH free radical scavenging. It directly interacts with reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), blocking free radical chain reactions, and acts as an endogenous enzyme antioxidant regulator to modulate catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme functions. By influencing the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway, ALR2-IN-9 inhibits excessive mitochondrial superoxide production induced by hyperglycemia in vitro and ameliorates oxidative stress induced by CuSO4 and H2O2 in vivo models. The compound also extends the lifespan of *Caenorhabditis elegans* by regulating stress response genes such as PMK-1 and shows potential as an anti-aging candidate. ALR2-IN-9 can be utilized in diabetes complication research.