Fusaric acid

Fusaric acid is an orally active multi-target inhibitor capable of inhibiting fibrosis-related signaling pathways such as NF-κB, TGF-β1/SMADs, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. It also inhibits dopamine β-hydroxylase and reduces endogenous levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Fusaric acid activates apoptosis-related proteases such as Caspase-3/7, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9, thereby inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. It chelates divalent metal cations, damages mitochondrial membrane structure, and exerts effects in improving myocardial fibrosis and alleviating cardiac hypertrophy. Additionally, it is applicable in research on esophageal cancer, liver cancer, and other conditions.