Ro 31-8220 formic

Ro 31-8220 formic is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), specifically targeting PKCα, PKCβI, PKCβII, PKCγ, PKCε, and rat brain PKC, with IC50 values of 5, 24, 14, 27, 24, and 23 nM, respectively. It also inhibits MAPKAP-K1b, MSK1, S6K1, and GSK3β, with IC50 values of 3, 8, 15, and 38 nM. Additionally, Ro 31-8220 formic suppresses the expression of MKP-1, induces c-Jun expression, and activates JNK, exhibiting these effects through mechanisms independent of PKC.