Nε- (1-Carboxymethyl) -L-lysine

Nε- (1-Carboxymethyl) -L-lysine (CML) is an advanced glycation end product (AGE) whose accumulation is linked to aging, diabetes, and oxidative stress-related pathologies. It acts primarily by engaging the RAGE receptor to activate pro-inflammatory pathways like MAPK and NF-κB, making it a critical target for research in metabolic, cardiovascular, and aging studies using both in vitro and in vivo models.