Graveoline

Graveoline (Rutamine) is an orally active alkaloid with various activities such as antifungal, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. Graveoline can induce tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy through a reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway. Graveoline has an MIC of 500 μg/mL for Candida albicans. Graveoline can be used in the research of various diseases such as tumors and liver injury[1][2][3][4].

Product Specifications

CAS Number

[485-61-0]

Product Name Alternative

Rutamine

UNSPSC

12352005

Hazard Statement

H302, H315, H319, H335

Target

Apoptosis; Autophagy; Fungal; Interleukin Related; JAK; Parasite; Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) ; STAT

Type

Reference compound

Related Pathways

Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Epigenetics; Immunology/Inflammation; JAK/STAT Signaling; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; NF-κB; Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK; Stem Cell/Wnt

Applications

COVID-19-immunoregulation

Field of Research

Cancer; Infection; Inflammation/Immunology

Assay Protocol

https://www.medchemexpress.com/graveoline.html

Concentration

10mM

Purity

99.88

Solubility

DMSO : 20 mg/mL (ultrasonic; warming; heat to 60°C)

Smiles

O=C1C=C(C2=CC=C(OCO3)C3=C2)N(C)C4=C1C=CC=C4

Molecular Formula

C17H13NO3

Molecular Weight

279.30

Precautions

H302, H315, H319, H335

References & Citations

[1]Ghosh S, et, al. Graveoline isolated from ethanolic extract of Ruta graveolens triggers apoptosis and autophagy in skin melanoma cells: a novel apoptosis-independent autophagic signaling pathway. Phytother Res. 2014 Aug;28 (8) :1153-62.|[2]Kamal LZM, et, al. Identification of Alkaloid Compounds Arborinine and Graveoline from Ruta angustifolia (L.) Pers for their Antifungal Potential against Isocitrate lyase (ICL1) gene of Candida albicans. Mycopathologia. 2021 May;186 (2) :221-236.|[3]Rodríguez-Garza NE, et al. Antiparasitic Activity of Chalepensin and Graveoline Isolated from Ruta chalepensis L.: In Vitro Evaluation Against Strongyloides venezuelensis. Pathogens. 2025 Apr 25;14 (5) :419.|[4]He J, et al. Graveoline attenuates D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury via inhibition of JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Aug;177:117163.