Dexamethasone Phosphate disodium

Dexamethasone disodium phosphate is a water-soluble form of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. (In Vitro) :Dexamethasone regulates several transcription factors, including activator protein-1, nuclear factor-AT, and nuclear factor-kB, leading to the activation and repression of key genes involved in the inflammatory response. Dexamethasone potently inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release from A549 cells with EC50 of 2.2 nM. Dexamethasone (EC50=36 nM) induces transcription of the β2-receptor is found to correlate with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) DNA binding and occurred at 10-100 fold higher concentrations than the inhibition of GM-CSF release. Dexamethasone (IC50=0.5 nM) inhibits a 3xκB (NF-κB, IκBα, and I-κBβ), which is associated with inhibition of GM-CSF release. (In Vivo) :Treatment with Dexamethasone at a dose of 2x5 mg/kg efficiently inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced inflammation. In our experimental system, treatment with a single dose of Dexamethasone 10 mg/kg (i.p.) significantly decreases recruitment of granulocytes as well as spontaneous production of oxygen radicals compared with animals expose to LPS and injected with solvent alone (saline) . The effects are statistically significant when administered both 1 h before and 1 h after inhalation of LPS. The number of granulocytes in BALF decreased to levels comparable to healthy animals (given an aerosol of water) . Rats treated with Dexamethasone consume less food and weighed less than control rats. Treated rats also weigh less than pair-fed animals though their food intake is similar. Five days of Dexamethasone injection result in a significant increase in both the liver mass (+42%) and the liver to body weight ratio (+65%) . The wet weight of gastrocnemius muscle decreases 20% after 5 days of treatment, but it remains unaffected relative to body weight (g/100 g body weight), indicating that muscle weight loss paralleled body weight loss.