Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate)

Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway[1][2][3].

Product Specifications

CAS Number

[62637-93-8]

UNSPSC

12352211

Hazard Statement

H315, H319

Target

Endogenous Metabolite; NOD-like Receptor (NLR) ; Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) ; TGF-beta/Smad

Type

Natural Products

Related Pathways

Immunology/Inflammation; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; NF-κB; Stem Cell/Wnt; TGF-beta/Smad

Applications

Metabolism-protein/nucleotide metabolism

Field of Research

Metabolic Disease; Inflammation/Immunology; Cardiovascular Disease

Assay Protocol

https://www.medchemexpress.com/trimethylamine-oxide-dihydrate.html

Concentration

10mM

Purity

99.86

Solubility

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic) |H2O : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic)

Smiles

C[N+](C)([O-])C.[2H2O]

Molecular Formula

C3H13NO3

Molecular Weight

111.14

Precautions

H315, H319

References & Citations

[1]Wei Shuai, et al. High-choline Diet Exacerbates Cardiac Dysfunction, Fibrosis, and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Card Fail. 2020 May 14; S1071-9164 (19) 31802-0.|[2]Wenlong Yang, et al. Gut Microbe-Derived Metabolite Trimethylamine N-oxide Accelerates Fibroblast-Myofibroblast Differentiation and Induces Cardiac Fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2019 Sep;134:119-130.|[3]Manuel T Velasquez, et al. Trimethylamine N-Oxide: The Good, the Bad and the Unknown. Toxins (Basel) . 2016 Nov 8;8 (11) :326.|[4]Videja M, et al. Data on cardiac and vascular functionality in ex vivo and in vivo models following acute administration of trimethylamine N-oxide. Data Brief. 2023 Jan 11;46:108890.|[5]Li Z, et al. Gut microbe-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide induces cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Lab Invest. 2019 Mar;99 (3) :346-357.