Tubastatin A

Tubastatin A is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 15 nM in cell-free assays; displays 57-fold selectivity over HDAC8 and >1,000-fold selective against other HDAC isoforms; induces an increase in acetylated-α-tubulin levels and the restoration of primary cilia expression in the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines at 10 uM, shows significant inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS stimulated human THP-1 macrophages with IC50 of 272 nM and 712 nM; reduces the growth of cholangiocarcinoma in vivo.