Spiramycin

A macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ambofaciens. The drug is effective against gram-positive aerobic pathogens, N. gonorrhoeae, and staphylococci. It is used to treat infections caused by bacteria and Toxoplasma gondii. (In Vitro) :Spiramycin (24 hours; 1-1000 μM; T. gondii infected HeLa cells and HeLa cells) treatment reduces the cytotoxicity, and shows anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity, with IC50 values of 189 μM for HeLa cells; and 262 μM for T. gondii-infected HeLa cells. (In Vivo) :Spiramycin (100 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; every day; for 4 days; female KM mice) treatment reduces the number of tachyzoites, and reduces hepatotoxicity and significantly enhances antioxidative effects. Spiramycin treatment also decreases in the degree of granulomatous inflammation in the liver.