Proparacaine hydrochloride

An irreversible local anesthetic; inhibits pain sensations that is believed to act as an antagonist on voltage-gated sodium channels.Pain Approved (In Vitro) :Proparacaine Hydrochloride (>588.93 μM; 4-28 hours) has a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to HCS cells at concentrations in vitro.Proparacaine Hydrochloride (294.47-18.85 mM; 4-12 hours) can induce apoptosis of HCS cells .Proparacaine Hydrochloride (4.71 mM; 4-12 hours) induces G1 phase arrest, plasma membrane permeability elevation, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic body formation of HCS cells.Proparacaine Hydrochloride induces caspase-2, -3 and -9 activation, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption.Proparacaine Hydrochloride (4.71 mM; 4-12 hours) downregulates and upregulates the expression of Bcl-xL and Bax, respectively, and remarkably upregulates cytoplasmic cytochrome C and apoptosis inducing factor. (In Vivo) :Proparacaine Hydrochloride (75 μg/30 μL; intranasal administration; for 7 days) significantly decreases nasal symptoms, number of eosinophils, goblet cells, and mast cells in the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa.