Betaine hydrochloride

Betaine hydrochloride is an acidic form of betaine, a vitamin-like substance found in grains and other foods; improves the amplification of DNA by reducing the formation of secondary structure in GC-rich regions. (In Vitro) :It is found that proliferation of HeLa cells is inhibited significantly upon exposure to increasing Betaine hydrochloride levels with the MTT test (p5.0 mg/mL) significantly promotes the apoptosis of HeLa cells (p<0.01) . SOD activities of the low dose groups are slightly higher than the control group (p<0.05), and there are obvious synchronicity and correlation among the expression of promoting apoptosis genes Bax, P53, Caspase 3 and apoptosis suppression gene Bcl-2. In response to an apoptosis-inducing stimulus, p53 and cyclin D1 can be activated with blockage of the cell cycle at G1/S or S/G2 checkpoints. (In Vivo) :Liver-to-body weight ratio is attenuated by Betaine hydrochloride supplementation. When Betaine hydrochloride is added to the alcohol-containing liquid diet, both hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation and liver injury are significantly reduced. Betaine hydrochloride supplementation attenuates epididymal fat pad mass loss induced by chronic alcohol feeding. Betaine hydrochloride supplementation prevents the depletion of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM) and reduces the increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), thereby improving the methylation state of the adipose tissue.