Darunavir ethanolate

A potent, selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor that is extremely potent against laboratory HIV-1 strains and primary clinical isolates with IC50 of 3 nM, IC90 of 9 nM; blockes the infectivity and replication of HIV-1 (NL4-3) variants with IC50 of 3-29 nM, also potent against multi-PI-resistant clinical HIV-1 variants isolated from patients; used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS.HIV Infection Approved (In Vitro) :Darunavir is a broad-spectrum potent inhibitor active against HIV-1 clinical isolates with minimal cytotoxicity. Darunavir forms hydrogen bonds with the conserved main-chain atoms of Asp29 and Asp30 of the protease. These interactions are proposed to be critical for the potency of this compound against HIV isolates that are resistant to multiple protease inhibitors. In an in vitro study in MT-2 cells, the potency of darunavir is greater than that of saquinavir, amprenavir, nelfinavir, indinavir, lopinavir and ritonavir. Darunavir is primarily metabolized by the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, primarily CYP3A. The ‘boosting’ dose of ritonavir acts an an inhibitor of CYP3A, thereby increasing darunavir bioavailability. (In Vivo) :Darunavir is effective against wild-type and PI-resistant HIV, and has an oral bioavailability of 37%. It needs to be combined with ritonavir, which increases the bioavailability to 82%.