Pentoxifylline

A METHYLXANTHINE derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. (In Vitro) :Pentoxifylline (0.1-50 mM; 24-48 hours) inhibits cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.Pentoxifylline (0.5 mM; 12-36 hours) increases apoptosis and decreases autophagy levels in MDA-MB-231 cells.Pentoxifylline (0.5 mM; 12-36 hours) induces autophagy in MDA-MB-231 cells.Pentoxifylline (0.5 mM; 24-48 hours) blocks cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase.Pentoxifylline results in high LC3-II/LC3-ratio. (In Vivo) :Pentoxifylline (200 mg/kg; i.p.) has a protective effect on rats with transient global ischemia and reduces cognitive impairment.