Eugenol

Eugenol is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of eugenol is by means of Increased Histamine Release and Cell-mediated Immunity. The chemical classification of eugenol is Allergens. (In Vitro) :The essential oil of O. gratissimum, as well as eugenol, are efficient in inhibiting eclodibility of H. contortus eggs, showing possible utilizations in the treatment of gastrointestinal helmintosis of small ruminants. At 0.50% concentration, the essential oil and eugenol show a maximum eclodibility inhibition. Eugenol inhibits superoxide anion generation in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system to an extent of 50% at concentrations of 250 μM. Eugenol also inhibits the generation of hydroxyl radicals to an extent of 70%. The OH-radical formation measured by the hydroxylation of salicylate to 2, 3-dihydroxy benzoate is inhibited to an extent of 46% by eugenol at 250 μM. Eugenol protects against RS-induced development of IBS-like gastrointestinal dysfunction through modulation of HPA-axis and brain monoaminergic pathways apart from its antioxidant effect. Eugenol (50 mg/kg) reduces 80% of RS-induced increase in fecal pellets similar to that of ondansetron. Eugenol attenuates 80% of stress-induced increase in plasma corticosterone and modulates the serotonergic system in the PFC and amygdala. Eugenol attenuates stress-induced changes in norepinephrine and potentiates the antioxidant defense system in all brain regions. (In Vivo) :Eugenol (33 mg/kg) administered orally for 2 days causes significant suppression of knee joint edema, which continues to be significantly reduced at the end of the treatment. After 2 days, eugenol-treated mycobacterial arthritic rats show a marked reduction in paw swelling.