4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid

4-Hydroxybenzeneacetate acid is considered to be slightly soluble (in water) and acidic. 4-Hydroxybenzeneacetate acid can be synthesized from acetic acid. It can be found throughout numerous foods such as Olives, Cocoa beans, Oats, and Mushrooms. 4-Hydroxybenzeneacetate acid can be found throughout all human tissues and in all biofluids. Within a cell, 4-Hydroxybenzeneacetate acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm and in the extracellular space. (In Vivo) :4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (6, 12, or 25 mg/kg) increases Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus and enhances the activity of phase II and antioxidant enzymes. The protein levels of nuclear Nrf2 are increased by 170% and 230% in pre-treated 12 and 25 mg/kg 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid groups, respectively, compared with the control group.The 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid pretreatment at a final dose of 25 mg/kg markedly and selectively up-regulated the target genes of phase II enzymes and resulted in higher up-regulation than that of the control group by 270%, 400%, and 500% or UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and SULT2A1, respectively. 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid also suppresses the expression of CYP2E1.