Pyrogallol

Pyrogallol is an organic compound with the formula C6H3 (OH) 3. It is a white solid although because of its sensitivity toward oxygen, samples are typically brownish. Pyrogallol can be used in hair dying, dying of suturing materials and for oxygen absorption in gas analysis. It also has antiseptic properties. Pyrogallol was also used as a developing agent in black-and-white developers, but its use is largely historical except for special purpose applications. (Hydroquinone is more commonly used today.) (In Vitro) :Pyrogallol (PG) is a reductant that is able to generate free radicals, in particular superoxide anions (O2 -), so has frequently been used as a photographic developing agent and in the hair dying industry. Pyrogallol inhibits Calu-6 and A549 lung cancer cell growth via apoptosis and depletion of glutathione (GSH) . Pyrogallol (PG) induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells via the overproduction of O2 - and affects mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in these cells. The effect of Pyrogallol on human pulmonary fibroblast (HPF) cell viability and necrotic cell death is examined. For these experiments, 0, 50 or 100 μM Pyrogallol is used to differentiate the levels of cell viability inhibition or death with or without a given MAPK inhibitor. Treatment with 50 and 100 μM Pyrogallol decreases HPF viability by ~40 and 65% at 24 h, respectively. Treatment with an MEK inhibitor slightly enhances the inhibition of cell viability in 50 μM Pyrogallol-treated HPF cells, whereas treatment with a p38 inhibitor mildly attenuates the inhibition of viability. In 100 μM Pyrogallol-treated HPF cells, all the MAPK inhibitors increase the inhibition of viability to a certain extent, with treatment with the p38 inhibitor alone augmenting HPF control cell viability. Necrotic cell death is determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from cells. While treatment with 50 μM Pyrogallol does not affect LDH release from HPF cells, 100 μM Pyrogallol significantly increases LDH release.