Phellodendrine (chloride)

Phellodendrine chloride is an orally active plant alkaloid. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing macropinocytosis and glutamine metabolism, inducing ROS accumulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Phellodendrine chloride promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, alleviating intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis. Phellodendrine chloride can alleviate gouty arthritis by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Phellodendrine chloride suppresses allergic reactions by altering the conformation of MRGPRB3/MRGPRX2 protein, thereby inhibiting the activation of PKC and subsequent downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the AKT/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of COX-2, thereby protecting zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress. Phellodendrine chloride has an anti-major depressive disorder (MDD) effect by down-regulating CHRM1, HTR1A, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway[1][2][3][4][5][6].

Product Specifications

CAS Number

[104112-82-5]

UNSPSC

12352005

Hazard Statement

H302

Target

Akt; AMPK; Apoptosis; Autophagy; COX; Interleukin Related; MMP; mTOR; NF-κB; p38 MAPK; PI3K; PKC; Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) ; STAT

Type

Natural Products

Related Pathways

Apoptosis; Autophagy; Epigenetics; Immunology/Inflammation; JAK/STAT Signaling; MAPK/ERK Pathway; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; NF-κB; PI3K/Akt/mTOR; Stem Cell/Wnt; TGF-beta/Smad

Applications

Cancer-programmed cell death

Field of Research

Cancer; Inflammation/Immunology; Neurological Disease

Assay Protocol

https://www.medchemexpress.com/phellodendrine-chloride.html

Purity

99.68

Solubility

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (ultrasonic)

Smiles

C[N@@+]12CCC3=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C3[C@]1([H])CC4=CC(O)=C(OC)C=C4C2.[Cl-]

Molecular Formula

C20H24ClNO4

Molecular Weight

377.86

Precautions

H302

References & Citations

[1]Thu PM, et al. Phellodendrine chloride suppresses proliferation of KRAS mutated pancreatic cancer cells through inhibition of nutrients uptake via macropinocytosis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2019 May 5;850:23-34.|[2]Su S, Wang X, Xi X, et al. Phellodendrine promotes autophagy by regulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway and treats ulcerative colitis. J Cell Mol Med. 2021;25 (12) :5707-5720. |[3]Qin YY, et al. Phellodendrine chloride alleviates gouty arthritis through IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Immunobiology. 2025 Jul;230 (4) :152918.|[4]Wang J, et al. Inhibitory effect of phellodendrine on C48/80-induced allergic reaction in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Jun 15;134:112256.|[5]Li L, et al. The defensive effect of phellodendrine against AAPH-induced oxidative stress through regulating the AKT/NF-κB pathway in zebrafish embryos. Life Sci. 2016 Jul 15;157:97-106.|[6]Hu L, et al. Network pharmacology combined with experimental verification for exploring the potential mechanism of phellodendrine against depression. Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 14;15 (1) :1958.