Sodium taurochenodeoxycholate

Sodium taurochenodeoxycholate is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. Sodium taurochenodeoxycholate induces apoptosis and shows obvious anti-inflammatory and immune regulation properties. It can increase glucose-induced insulin secretion and stimulate the electrical activity of α2-cells and enhance cytosolic Ca (2+) concentration ([Ca (2+) ] (c) ) .Experiments were performed with islets from wild-type, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) knockout (KO), and β-cell ATP-dependent K (+) (K (ATP) ) channel gene SUR1 (ABCC8) KO mice, respectively. Sodium taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC) increased glucose-induced insulin secretion. This effect was mimicked by the FXR agonist GW4064 and suppressed by the FXR antagonist guggulsterone. TCDC and GW4064 stimulated the electrical activity of β-cells and enhanced cytosolic Ca (2+) concentration ([Ca (2+) ] (c) ) . These effects were blunted by guggulsterone. Sodium ursodeoxycholate, which has a much lower affinity to FXR than TCDC, had no effect on [Ca (2+) ] (c) and insulin secretion. FXR activation by TCDC is suggested to inhibit K (ATP) current. The decline in K (ATP) channel activity by TCDC was only observed in β-cells with intact metabolism and was reversed by guggulsterone. TCDC did not alter insulin secretion in islets of SUR1-KO or FXR-KO mice. TCDC did not change islet cell apoptosis.