Anagliptin

Anagliptin is a potent Inhibitor of DPP-4 (IC50 of 3.8 nM), for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Soluble DPP-4 augmented cultured SMC proliferation, and anagliptin suppressed the proliferation by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. In THP-1 cells, anagliptin reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α production with inhibiting ERK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB. Quantitative analysis also showed that anagliptin reduced the area of atherosclerotic lesion in apoE-deficient mice.Treatment with anagliptin for 16 wk significantly reduced accumulation of monocytes and macrophages in the vascular wall, SMC content in plaque areas, and oil red O-stained area around the aortic valve without affecting glucose tolerance or body weight. Serum DPP-4 concentrations were significantly higher in apoE-deficient mice than control mice, and the levels increased with aging, suggesting the involvement of DPP-4 in the progression of atherosclerosis. Anagliptin treatment significantly decreased the plasma total cholesterol (14% reduction, P < 0.01) and triglyceride levels (27% reduction, P < 0.01) . Both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also decreased significantly by anagliptin treatment. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 messenger ribonucleic acid expression level was significantly decreased at night in anagliptin-treated mice (15% reduction, P < 0.05) . Anagliptin significantly suppressed sterol regulatory element-binding protein activity in HepG2 cells (21% decrease, P < 0.001) . (In Vitro) :Anagliptin (SK-0403) (0-100 μM; 24 h) attenuates s-DPP-4-induced smooth muscle cells proliferation.Anagliptin (100 μM; 10 min) reduces TNF-α production in cultured monocytes.Anagliptin (0.001-10 μM; 24 h) significantly suppresses sterol regulatory element‐binding protein activity in HepG2 cells (21% decrease) . (In Vivo) :Anagliptin (SK-0403) (0.3%; in diet; 16 weeks) reduces atherosclerotic lesion and does not increase the number of circulating EPCs in apoliporotein E (apoE) -deficient mice.Anagliptin (0.3%; in diet; 4 weeks) exhibits a lipid‐lowering effect in a hyperlipidemic mice model.