Catestatin (rat)

Catestatin (rat) (Rat chromogranin A367–387) is a potent, reversible, non-competitive, and non-cooperative nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist derived from chromogranin A (A367-387) . It inhibits norepinephrine release in rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells (IC50= 1.2 μM) and blocks norepinephrine release desensitization (IC50= 0.62 μM) . Catestatin (rat) exerts anti-adrenergic effects via the endothelial PI3K-AKT-eNOS pathway in rat papillary muscle and isolated cardiomyocytes. In ischemia/reperfusion myocardial cells, it maintains mitochondrial membrane potential and increases phosphorylation of AKT at S473, GSK3β at S9, PLB at T17, and eNOS at S1179. Additionally, Catestatin (rat) reverses 22Na+ uptake desensitization. This compound is useful for studying the regulation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors and catecholamine release control mechanisms.