Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; TPA; Phorbol myristate acetate), a phorbol ester, is a dual SphK and protein kinase C (PKC) activator[1][2]. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is a NF-κB activator. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces differentiation in THP-1 cells (Validated by MedChemExpress (MCE) ) [3][7].

Product Specifications

CAS Number

[16561-29-8]

Product Name Alternative

PMA; TPA; Phorbol myristate acetate

UNSPSC

12352211

Hazard Statement

H300+H310+H330, H314, H317, H334, H351

Target

NF-κB; PKC; SphK

Type

Natural Products

Related Pathways

Epigenetics; Immunology/Inflammation; NF-κB; TGF-beta/Smad

Applications

COVID-19-immunoregulation

Field of Research

Cancer; Inflammation/Immunology; Neurological Disease

Assay Protocol

https://www.medchemexpress.com/Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate.html

Purity

99.84

Solubility

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (ultrasonic) |Ethanol : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic)

Smiles

CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O[C@H]([C@H]1C)[C@]2(OC(C)=O)[C@@]([C@@](C=C(CO)C[C@]34O)([H])[C@@]1(O)[C@]4([H])C=C(C)C3=O)([H])C2(C)C)=O

Molecular Formula

C36H56O8

Molecular Weight

616.83

Precautions

H300+H310+H330, H314, H317, H334, H351

References & Citations

[1]Sergio E. Alvarez, et al. Autocrine and paracrine roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate. TRENDS in Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol.18 No.8|[2]Mugami S, et al. Differential roles of PKC isoforms (PKCs) and Ca2+ in GnRH and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation in immortalized gonadotrope cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Jan 5;439:141-154.|[3]Hou S, et al. Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43's Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 May 5;17 (5) . pii: E679.|[4]Zhang T, et al. MPTP-Induced Depletion in Basolateral Amygdala via Decrease of D2R Activation Suppresses GABAA Receptors Expression and LTD Induction Leading to Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Aug 7;10:247.|[5]Schwende H, et al. Differences in the state of differentiation of THP-1 cells induced by phorbol ester and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59 (4) :555-561.|[6]Starr T, et al. The phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate differentiation protocol is critical to the interaction of THP-1 macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS One. 2018;13 (3) :e0193601. Published 2018 Mar 14.|[7]Heng-Ching Wen, et al. PMA inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1. Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 2;8 (1) :16247.|[8]Silván AM, et al. Inhibition by hydroxyachillin, sesquiterpene lactone from Tanacetum microphyllum, of PMA-induced mouse ear oedema. Inflamm Res. 1996 Jun;45 (6) :289-92.|[9]Kaur G, et al. Antiinflammatory evaluation of alcoholic extract of galls of Quercus infectoria. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Feb;90 (2-3) :285-92.