Anti-Human CD163 DyLight® 488 conjugated Antibody, Carrier-free

CD163 (Cluster of Differentiation 163) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD163 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily, and is exclusively expressed in monocytes and macrophages. It functions as an acute phase-regulated receptor involved in the clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages, and may thereby protect tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage. This protein may also function as an innate immune sensor for bacteria and inducer of local inflammation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.

Expressed in monocytes and mature macrophages such as Kupffer cells in the liver, red pulp macrophages in the spleen, cortical macrophages in the thymus, resident bone marrow macrophages and meningeal macrophages of the central nervous system. Expressed also in blood. Isoform 1 is the lowest abundant in the blood. Isoform 2 is the lowest abundant in the liver and the spleen. Isoform 3 is the predominant isoform detected in the blood.

Acute phase-regulated receptor involved in clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages and may thereby protect tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage. May play a role in the uptake and recycling of iron, via endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin and subsequent breakdown of heme. Binds hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes in a calcium-dependent and pH-dependent manner. Exhibits a higher affinity for complexes of hemoglobin and multimeric haptoglobin of HP*1F phenotype than for complexes of hemoglobin and dimeric haptoglobin of HP*1S phenotype. Induces a cascade of intracellular signals that involves tyrosine kinase-dependent calcium mobilization, inositol triphosphate production and secretion of IL6 and CSF1. Isoform 3 exhibits the higher capacity for ligand endocytosis and the more pronounced surface expression when expressed in cells.

1. Fabriek, B. O., van Bruggen, R., Deng, D. M., Ligtenberg, A. J. M., Nazmi, K., Schornagel, K., Vloet, R. P. M., Dijkstra, C. D., van den Berg, T. K. The macrophage scavenger receptor CD163 functions as an innate immune sensor for bacteria. Blood 113: 887-892, 2009. 2. Ritter, M., Buechler, C., Langmann, T., Schmitz, G.Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the human CD163 (M130) gene: a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 260: 466-474, 1999. 3. Stover, C. M., Schleypen, J., Gronlund, J., Speicher, M. R., Schwaeble, W. J., Holmskov, U. Assignment of CD163B, the gene encoding M160, a novel scavenger receptor, to human chromosome 12p13.3 by in situ hybridization and somatic cell hybrid analysis. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 90: 246-247, 2000.