Anti-Human Bax DyLight® 488 conjugated Antibody, Carrier-free

Apoptosis regulator BAX, also known as bcl-2-like protein 4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAX gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL2 protein family. BCL2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. This protein forms a heterodimer with BCL2, and functions as an apoptotic activator. Additionally, this protein is reported to interact with, and increase the opening of, the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), which leads to the loss in membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c. The expression of this gene is regulated by the tumor suppressor P53 and has been shown to be involved in P53-mediated apoptosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode different isoforms, have been reported for this gene.

A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the N-terminus of human Bax, different from the related mouse and rat sequences by five amino acids.

Expressed in a wide variety of tissues. Isoform Psi is found in glial tumors. Isoform Alpha is expressed in spleen, breast, ovary, testis, colon and brain, and at low levels in skin and lung. Isoform Sigma is expressed in spleen, breast, ovary, testis, lung, colon, brain and at low levels in skin. Isoform Alpha and isoform Sigma are expressed in pro- myelocytic leukemia, histiocytic lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, T- cell lymphoma, lymphoblastic leukemia, breast adenocarcinoma, ovary adenocarcinoma, prostate carcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma, lung carcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines.

Accelerates programmed cell death by binding to, and antagonizing the apoptosis repressor BCL2 or its adenovirus homolog E1B 19k protein. Under stress conditions, undergoes a conformation change that causes translocation to the mitochondrion membrane, leading to the release of cytochrome c that then triggers apoptosis. Promotes activation of CASP3, and thereby apoptosis.

1. Apte, S. S.; Mattei, M.-G.; Olsen, B. R. : Mapping of human BAX gene to chromosome 19q13.3-q13.4 and isolation of a novel alternatively spliced transcript, BAX-delta. Genomics 26: 592-594, 1995. 2. Guo, B.; Zhai, D.; Cabezas, E.; Welsh, K.; Nouraini, S.; Satterthwait, A. C.; Reed, J. C. : Humanin peptide suppresses apoptosis by interfering with Bax activation. Nature 423: 456-461, 2003. 3. Oltvai, Z. N.; Milliman, C. L.; Korsmeyer, S. J. : Bcl-2 heterodimers in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programmed cell death. Cell 74: 609-619, 1993. 4. Takeuchi, O.; Fisher, J.; Suh, H.; Harada, H.; Malynn, B. A.; Korsmeyer, S. J. : Essential role of BAX,BAK in B cell homeostasis and prevention of autoimmune disease. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 102: 11272-11277, 2005.

Isoform Alpha: Mitochondrion membrane; Colocalizes with 14- 3-3 proteins in the cytoplasm. Under stress conditions, undergoes a conformation change that causes release from JNK-phosphorylated 14-3-3 proteins and translocation to the mitochondrion membrane.