Anti-Paxillin/PXN Antibody Picoband®, APC Conjugate

PXN(Paxillin) is a signal transduction adaptor protein discovered in 1990 in the laboratory of Keith Burridge. Salgia et al.(1995) mapped the paxillin gene to 12q24 using fluorescence in situ hybridization.The C-terminal region of paxillin contains four LIM domains that target paxillin to focal adhesions, it is presumed through a association with the cytoplasmic tail of beta-integrin. The N-terminal region of paxillin is rich in protein–protein interaction sites. The proteins that bind to paxillin are diverse and include protein tyrosine kinases, such as Src and FAK, structural proteins, such as vinculin and actopaxin, and regulators of actin organization, such as COOL/PIX and PKL/GIT. Paxillin is tyrosine-phosphorylated by FAK and Src upon integrin engagement or growth factor stimulation, creating binding sites for the adapter protein Crk.The paxillin protein contains 4 LIM domains, a proline-rich domain containing a consensus SH3-binding site, and 3 potential SH2-binding sites. On Northern blots, paxillin was expressed as a 3.7-kb mRNA in all tissues tested.

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase that contributes to signaling from many receptors and participates as a signal transducer in multiple downstream pathways, including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Plays a redundant role to ITK in regulation of the adaptive immune response. Regulates the development, function and differentiation of conventional T-cells and nonconventional NKT-cells. Required for TCR-dependent IL2 gene induction. Phosphorylates DOK1, one CD28-specific substrate, and contributes to CD28-signaling. Mediates signals that negatively regulate IL2RA expression induced by TCR cross-linking. Plays a redundant role to BTK in BCR-signaling for B-cell development and activation, especially by phosphorylating STAP1, a BCR-signaling protein. Required in mast cells for efficient cytokine production. Involved in both growth and differentiation mechanisms of myeloid cells through activation by the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor CSF3, a critical cytokine to promoting the growth, differentiation, and functional activation of myeloid cells. Participates in platelet signaling downstream of integrin activation. Cooperates with JAK2 through reciprocal phosphorylation to mediate cytokine-driven activation of FOS transcription. GRB10, a negative modifier of the FOS activation pathway, is another substrate of TEC. TEC is involved in G protein-coupled receptor- and integrin-mediated signalings in blood platelets. Plays a role in hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration and is involved in HGF-induced ERK signaling pathway. TEC regulates also FGF2 unconventional secretion (endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi-independent mechanism) under various physiological conditions through phosphorylation of FGF2 'Tyr-215'. May also be involved in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation.

1. Fernandez-Valle, C., Tang, Y., Ricard, J., Rodenas-Ruano, A., Taylor, A., Hackler, E., Biggerstaff, J., Iacovelli, J.Paxillin binds schwannomin and regulates its density-dependent localization and effect on cell morphology.Nature Genet. 31: 354-362, 2002. 2. Salgia, R., Li, J.-L., Lo, S. H., Brunkhorst, B., Kansas, G. S., Sobhany, E. S., Sun, Y., Pisick, E., Hallek, M., Ernst, T., Tantravahi, R., Chen, L. B., Griffin, J. D.Molecular cloning of human paxillin, a focal adhesion protein phosphorylated by P210(BCR/ABL).J. Biol. Chem. 270: 5039-5047, 1995. 3. Turner, C. E., Glenney, J. R., Jr., Burridge, K.Paxillin: a new vinculin-binding protein present in focal adhesions.J. Cell Biol. 111: 1059-1068, 1990.

At -20℃ for one year from date of receipt. After reconstitution, at 4℃ for one month. It can also be aliquotted and stored frozen at -20℃ for six months. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.

Western blot, 0.1-0.25 μg/ml, Human, Mouse<br> Immunohistochemistry(Paraffin-embedded Section), 2-5 μg/ml, Human, Rat<br> Flow Cytometry (Fixed), 1-3 μg/1x10⁶ cells, Human<br> ELISA, 0.1-0.5 μg/ml, -<br>

Cytoplasm. Cell membrane; Following B-cell or T-cell receptors activation by antigen, translocates to the plasma membrane through its PH domain. Thrombin and integrin engagement induces translocation of TEC to the cytoskeleton during platelet activation. In cardiac myocytes, assumes a diffuse intracellular localization under basal conditions but is recruited to striated structures upon various stimuli, including ATP (By similarity).