Anti-APP/C99 Antibody Picoband®, APC Conjugate

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons. It is mapped to 21q21.3. This gene encodes a cell surface receptor and transmembrane precursor protein that is cleaved by secretases to form a number of peptides. Some of these peptides are secreted and can bind to the acetyltransferase complex APBB1/TIP60 to promote transcriptional activation, while others form the protein basis of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. In addition, two of the peptides are antimicrobial peptides, having been shown to have bacteriocidal and antifungal activities. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and cerebroarterial amyloidosis (cerebral amyloid angiopathy). Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Amyloid-beta A4 protein; ABPP; APPI; APP; Alzheimer disease amyloid protein; Amyloid precursor protein; Amyloid-beta precursor protein; Cerebral vascular amyloid peptide; CVAP; PreA4; Protease nexin-II; PN-II; S-APP-alpha; S-APP-beta; Beta-secretase C-terminal fragment; Beta-CTF; Abeta42; Beta-APP42; Abeta40; Beta-APP40; Alpha-secretase C-terminal fragment; Alpha-CTF; Amyloid intracellular domain 59; AICD-59; AID (59); Gamma-CTF (59); Amyloid intracellular domain 57; AICD-57; AID (57); Gamma-CTF (57); Amyloid intracellular domain 50; AICD-50; AID (50); Gamma-CTF (50); APP; A4; AD1

Expressed in all fetal tissues examined with highest levels in brain, kidney, heart and spleen. Weak expression in liver. In adult brain, highest expression found in the frontal lobe of the cortex and in the anterior perisylvian cortex-opercular gyri. Moderate expression in the cerebellar cortex, the posterior perisylvian cortex-opercular gyri and the temporal associated cortex. Weak expression found in the striate, extra-striate and motor cortices. Expressed in cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma. Isoform APP695 is the predominant form in neuronal tissue, isoform APP751 and isoform APP770 are widely expressed in non-neuronal cells. Isoform APP751 is the most abundant form in T-lymphocytes. Appican is expressed in astrocytes.

Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G (O) and JIP. Inhibits G (o) alpha ATPase activity. Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1. Involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. In vitro, copper-metallated APP induces neuronal death ly or is potentiated through Cu2+-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I and IV. The splice isoforms that contain the BPTI domain possess protease inhibitor activity. Induces a AGER-dependent pathway that involves activation of p38 MAPK, resulting in internalization of amyloid-beta peptide and leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured cortical neurons. Provides Cu2+ ions for GPC1 which are required for release of nitric oxide (NO) and subsequent degradation of the heparan sulfate chains on GPC1.

1. Lenkkeri, U., Kestila, M., Lamerdin, J., McCready, P., Adamson, A., Olsen, A., Tryggvason, K. Structure of the human amyloid-precursor-like protein gene APLP1 at 19q13.1. Hum. Genet. 102: 192-196, 1998. 2. Neumann, S., Schobel, S., Jager, S., Trautwein, A., Haass, C., Pietrzik, C. U., Lichtenthaler, S. F. Amyloid precursor-like protein 1 influences endocytosis and proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 7583-7594, 2006. 3. Wasco, W., Brook, J. D., Tanzi, R. E. The amyloid precursor-like protein (APLP) gene maps to the long arm of human chromosome 19. Genomics 15: 237-239, 1993.

Store at -20℃ for one year from date of receipt. After reconstitution, at 4℃ for one month. It can also be aliquotted and stored frozen at -20℃ for six months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.