Anti-TIGAR Antibody

The p53 tumor-suppressor gene integrates numerous signals that control cell life and death; loss of its functions contributes to the development of most cancers. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of p53 to regulate the expression of several proteins involved in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, such as TIGAR, SCO2, and phosphoglycerate mutase. TIGAR is a recently discovered protein that functions to regulate glycolysis and protect cells against oxidative stress. TIGAR is similar in structure to proteins in the phosphoglycerate mutase family, most notably 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase, suggesting TIGAR may function as a fructose bisphosphatase. Expression of TIGAR in transfected cells correlated with an inhibition of glycolysis and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and p53-induced apoptosis, indicating that TIGAR may act to modulate the apoptotic response to p53, thereby allowing cells to survive mild or transient stresses.

TIGAR antibody was raised against a 18 amino acid synthetic peptide from near the center of human TIGAR. The immunogen is located within amino acids 60 - 110 of TIGAR.

Fructose-bisphosphatase hydrolyzing fructose-2,6- bisphosphate as well as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (PubMed:19015259) . Acts as a negative regulator of glycolysis by lowering intracellular levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in a p53/TP53-dependent manner, resulting in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activation and NADPH production (PubMed:16839880, PubMed:22887998) . Contributes to the generation of reduced glutathione to cause a decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, correlating with its ability to protect cells from oxidative or metabolic stress-induced cell death (PubMed:16839880, PubMed:19713938, PubMed:23726973, PubMed:22887998, PubMed:23817040) . Plays a role in promoting protection against cell death during hypoxia by decreasing mitochondria ROS levels in a HK2-dependent manner through a mechanism that is independent of its fructose-bisphosphatase activity (PubMed:23185017) . In response to cardiac damage stress, mediates p53-induced inhibition of myocyte mitophagy through ROS levels reduction and the subsequent inactivation of BNIP3. Reduced mitophagy results in an enhanced apoptotic myocyte cell death, and exacerbates cardiac damage (By similarity) . Plays a role in adult intestinal regeneration; contributes to the growth, proliferation and survival of intestinal crypts following tissue ablation (PubMed:23726973) . Plays a neuroprotective role against ischemic brain damage by enhancing PPP flux and preserving mitochondria functions (By similarity) . Protects glioma cells from hypoxia- and ROS-induced cell death by inhibiting glycolysis and activating mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxygen consumption in a TKTL1- dependent and p53/TP53-independent manner (PubMed:22887998) . Plays a role in cancer cell survival by promoting DNA repair through activating PPP flux in a CDK5-ATM-dependent signaling pathway during hypoxia and/or genome stress-induced DNA damage responses (PubMed:25928429) . Involved in intestinal tumor progression (PubMed:23726973) .

TIGAR antibody can be stored at 4°C for three months and -20°C, stable for up to one year. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Antibodies should not be exposed to prolonged high temperatures.