FGFR-2

Four distinct genes encoding closely related FGF receptors, FGF R1-4, are known. All four genes for FGF Rs encode proteins with an N-terminal signal peptide, three immunoglobulin (Ig) like domains, an acidbox region containing a run of acidic residues between the IgI and IgII domains, a transmembrane domain and the split tyrosinekinase domain. Multiple forms of FGF R1-3 are generated by alternative splicing of the mRNAs. A frequent splicing event involving FGF R1 and 2 results in receptors containing all three Ig domains, referred to as the α isoform, or only IgII and IgIII, referred to as the β isoform. Only the α isoform has been identified for FGF R3 and FGF R4. Additional splicing events for FGF R13, involving the C-terminal half of the IgIII domain encoded by two mutually exclusive alternative exons, generate FGF receptors with alternative IgIII domains (IIIb and IIIc) . A IIIa isoform which is a secreted FGF binding protein containing only the N-terminal half of the IgIII domain plus some intron sequences has also been reported for FGF R1. Mutations in FGF R13 have been found in patients with birth defects involving craniosynostosis. The complex patterns of expression of these receptors as well as the specificity of their interactions with the various FGF ligand family members are under permanent investigation.