Shikonin

Shikonin is a major component of a Chinese herbal medicine named zicao. Shikonin is a potent TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.5 μM[1]. Shikonin is a specific pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor[2] and can also inhibit TNF-α and NF-κB pathway[3]. Shikonin decreases exosome secretion through the inhibition of glycolysis[4]. Shikonin inhibits AIM2 inflammasome activation[7].

Product Specifications

CAS Number

[517-89-5]

Product Name Alternative

C.I. 75535; Isoarnebin 4

UNSPSC

12352005

Hazard Statement

H302, H315, H319, H335

Target

AIM2; Chloride Channel; HIV; NF-κB; Pyruvate Kinase; TNF Receptor

Type

Natural Products

Related Pathways

Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Immunology/Inflammation; Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; NF-κB

Applications

Cancer-Kinase/protease

Field of Research

Cancer

Assay Protocol

https://www.medchemexpress.com/Shikonin.html

Concentration

10mM

Purity

99.80

Solubility

DMSO : 125 mg/mL (ultrasonic)

Smiles

O=C1C([C@H](O)C/C=C(C)/C)=CC(C2=C1C(O)=CC=C2O)=O

Molecular Formula

C16H16O5

Molecular Weight

288.30

Precautions

H302, H315, H319, H335

References & Citations

[1]Jiang Y et al. Shikonin Inhibits Intestinal Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels and Prevents Rotaviral Diarrhea. Front Pharmacol. 2016 Aug 23;7:270.|[2]Li W, et al. Shikonin Suppresses Skin Carcinogenesis via Inhibiting Cell Proliferation. PLoS One. 2015 May 11;10 (5) :e0126459.|[3]Yan Y, et al. Shikonin Promotes Skin Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Nuclear Factor-κB Translocation via Proteasome Inhibition In Vitro. Chin Med J (Engl) . 2015 Aug 20;128 (16) :2228-33.|[4]Zhang FY, et al. Shikonin Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting Phosphorylated β-Catenin and Phosphorylated PI3K/Akt: A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Glioma Efficacy of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Oct 9;16 (10) :23823-48.|[5]Fu D, et al. Shikonin inhibits inflammation and chondrocyte apoptosis by regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Exp Ther Med. 2016 Oct;12 (4) :2735-2740.|[6]Kathleen M McAndrews, et al. Mechanisms associated with biogenesis of exosomes in cancer. Mol Cancer. 2019 Mar 30;18 (1) :52.|[7]Jernej Zorman, et al. Shikonin Suppresses NLRP3 and AIM2 Inflammasomes by Direct Inhibition of Caspase-1. PLoS One. 2016 Jul 28;11 (7) :e0159826.