PNTx4 Recombinant Protein

This neurotoxin binds at site 3 of insect voltage-activated sodium channels (Nav) and prolongs evoked axonal action potentials by a slowing down of sodium current inactivation (PubMed:12770132) . The toxin also inhibits glutamate uptake from rat brain synaptosomes (PubMed:14757211) . It reversibly inhibits the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) -subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (GRIN) (By similarity) . In addition, the toxin shows antinociceptive effect in all rat pain models tested (inflammatory, neuropathic and nociceptive) (PubMed:27077886) . The antinociceptive effect is partially blocked when selective antagonists of both mu- and delta-opioid receptors are administered, revealing that the antinociceptive effect of the toxin involves both opiod and cannabinoid endogenous systems (PubMed:27077886) . In vivo, it is highly toxic to house fly (Musca domestica), toxic to cockroach, but has no effect when intracerebroventricularly injected into mice (PubMed:7778132, PubMed:12770132) .

Reconstitution & Storage Instructions Western Blotting/Immunoblotting (WB/IB) Protocol Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocol Immunocytochemistry (ICC) Protocol Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) Protocol Blocking Peptide Competition Protocol (BPCP) Immunoprecipitation (IP) Protocol Antibody Array (AA) Protocol Reconstitution & Storage Instructions Reconstitution & Storage Instructions Western Blotting/Immunoblotting (WB/IB) Protocol Western Blotting/Immunoblotting (WB/IB) Protocol Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocol Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocol Immunocytochemistry (ICC) Protocol Immunocytochemistry (ICC) Protocol Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) Protocol Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) Protocol Blocking Peptide Competition Protocol (BPCP) Blocking Peptide Competition Protocol (BPCP) Immunoprecipitation (IP) Protocol Immunoprecipitation (IP) Protocol Antibody Array (AA) Protocol Antibody Array (AA) Protocol

If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.