Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), derived from Escherichia coli O55:B5, are essential components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Composed of lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O-specific polysaccharide, LPS exhibits strong immunogenicity. It activates immune cells via the TLR4 receptor, induces chemotactic cell migration and cytokine secretion, and helps maintain the integrity of the bacterial outer membrane, protecting against bile salts and lipid-based antibiotics. LPS is commonly used to establish inflammatory models, including arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and gastrointestinal disease models.

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1[C@H](OC([C@H]([C@@H]1OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)O)O)CO[C@H]2[C@H](C([C@@H](C(O2)CO[C@@]3(CC([C@H](C(O3)C(CO)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H](C([C@@H](C(O4)C(CO)O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OCCN)O[C@@H]5[C@@H](C([C@@H](C(O5)C(CO[C@@H]6[C@@H](C([C@](CO6)(C(CO)O)O)O)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O)O[C@@H]7C(C([C@@H](C(O7)CO[C@@H]8C(C([C@H](C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O[C@@H]9C(C([C@H](C(O9)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]1C(C([C@@H](C(O1)CO)O[C@@H]1C(C([C@H](C(O1)CO)O)OC1[C@@H](C(C([C@@H](O1)C)O[C@@H]1C(C([C@@H](C(O1)CO)O)O[C@@H]1C(C[C@H](C(O1)C)O)O)O[C@@H]1C(C([C@H](C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O[C@@H]1[C@H](C([C@@H](C(O1)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C)O)O)O)O[C@@]1(CC([C@H](C(O1)C(CO)O)O)O[C@@]1(CC([C@H](C(O1)C(CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)OP(=O)(O)O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)NC(=O)CC(CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)CP(=O)(O)O