Aspirin

Aspirin is an orally active, selective, and irreversible inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. It induces apoptosis, inhibits NF-κB activation and platelet prostaglandin synthesis, thereby preventing thrombosis. Additionally, it acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor that upregulates p21, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-platelet aggregation activities. Aspirin is commonly used to induce gastric ulcer models.