Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype typhimurium

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype typhimurium, are a kind of lipid-polysaccharide endotoxin. Smooth Gram-negative bacteria's lipopolysaccharides are made up of three components: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O antigen (OAg). The O antigen is a polymer of sugar repeat units (RUs); the Wzz protein regulates the length of the O antigen in lipopolysaccharides, and the number of RUs attached to lipid A is determined by the modal value set by the Wzz protein. S. enterica typhimurium has two Wzz proteins: WzzST (which makes the modal range of the O antigen between 16 and 35 RUs) and WzzfepE (which makes the modal value over 100 RUs). Mutating the genes corresponding to these two proteins causes the formation of short-chain O antigen chains and significantly reduces bacterial pathogenicity[1][2][3][4][5][6].

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