ATX-II

ATX-II is a specific Na+ channel Modulator toxin that can be isolated from the venom of sea anemone (Anemonia sulcata). ATX-II causes delayed inactivation of the Na+[1][2].

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[1]Fletcher JE, et al. ATX II, a sodium channel toxin, sensitizes skeletal muscle to halothane, caffeine, and ryanodine. Anesthesiology. 1999 May;90(5):1294-301.|[2]Lu YY, et al. ATX-II-induced pulmonary vein arrhythmogenesis related to atrial fibrillation and long QT syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest. 2012 Aug;42(8):823-31.