Human CD163/M130 PicoKine® Quick ELISA Kit

CD163 (Cluster of Differentiation 163) is a human protein encoded by the CD163 gene. It has also been shown to mark cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. CD163, a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily, is exclusively expressed by monocytes and macrophages. Using FISH, somatic cell hybrid analysis, and radiation hybrid analysis, CD163 gene was mapped the to chromosome 12p13.3. CD163 is upregulated in a large range of diseases inflammatory diseases including type 2 diabetes, macrophage activation sickness, Tangier's disease, reumatoid arthritis etc.

Expressed in monocytes and mature macrophages such as Kupffer cells in the liver, red pulp macrophages in the spleen, cortical macrophages in the thymus, resident bone marrow macrophages and meningeal macrophages of the central nervous system. Expressed also in blood. Isoform 1 is the lowest abundant in the blood. Isoform 2 is the lowest abundant in the liver and the spleen. Isoform 3 is the predominant isoform detected in the blood. .

Acute phase-regulated receptor involved in clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages and may thereby protect tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage. May play a role in the uptake and recycling of iron, via endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin and subsequent breakdown of heme. Binds hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes in a calcium-dependent and pH-dependent manner. Exhibits a higher affinity for complexes of hemoglobin and multimeric haptoglobin of HP*1F phenotype than for complexes of hemoglobin and dimeric haptoglobin of HP*1S phenotype. Induces a cascade of intracellular signals that involves tyrosine kinase-dependent calcium mobilization, inositol triphosphate production and secretion of IL6 and CSF1. Isoform 3 exhibits the higher capacity for ligand endocytosis and the more pronounced surface expression when expressed in cells.