Anti-Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 CDK1 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

CDC2, Cell Division Cycle 2, is also known as CDK1 (Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1) . CDC2 is a catalytic subunit of a protein kinase complex, called the M-phase promoting factor, that induces entry into mitosis and is universal among eukaryotes. In HeLa cells CDC2 is the most abundant phosphotyrosine-containing protein and its phosphotyrosine content is subject to cell cycle regulation. CDC2 gene is located on chromosome 10.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1; CDK1;2.7.11.22;2.7.11.23; Cell division control protein 2 homolog; Cell division protein kinase 1; p34 protein kinase; CDK1; CDC2, CDC28A, CDKN1, P34CDC2

A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the C-terminus of human CDK1, different from the relative rat and mouse sequences by two amino acids.

Cell Biology, Cell Cycle, Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling, Kinases/Phosphatases, Neural Signal Transduction, Neurodegenerative Disease, Neurology Process, Neuroscience

Plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle by modulating the centrosome cycle as well as mitotic onset; promotes G2-M transition, and regulates G1 progress and G1-S transition via association with multiple interphase cyclins. Required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. Phosphorylates PARVA/actopaxin, APC, AMPH, APC, BARD1, Bcl- xL/BCL2L1, BRCA2, CALD1, CASP8, CDC7, CDC20, CDC25A, CDC25C, CC2D1A, CSNK2 proteins/CKII, FZR1/CDH1, CDK7, CEBPB, CHAMP1, DMD/dystrophin, EEF1 proteins/EF-1, EZH2, KIF11/EG5, EGFR, FANCG, FOS, GFAP, GOLGA2/GM130, GRASP1, UBE2A/hHR6A, HIST1H1 proteins/histone H1, HMGA1, HIVEP3/KRC, LMNA, LMNB, LMNC, LBR, LATS1, MAP1B, MAP4, MARCKS, MCM2, MCM4, MKLP1, MYB, NEFH, NFIC, NPC/nuclear pore complex, PITPNM1/NIR2, NPM1, NCL, NUCKS1, NPM1/numatrin, ORC1, PRKAR2A, EEF1E1/p18, EIF3F/p47, p53/TP53, NONO/p54NRB, PAPOLA, PLEC/plectin, RB1, UL40/R2, RAB4A, RAP1GAP, RCC1, RPS6KB1/S6K1, KHDRBS1/SAM68, ESPL1, SKI, BIRC5/survivin, STIP1, TEX14, beta-tubulins, MAPT/TAU, NEDD1, VIM/vimentin, TK1, FOXO1, RUNX1/AML1, SIRT2 and RUNX2. CDK1/CDC2-cyclin-B controls pronuclear union in interphase fertilized eggs. Essential for early stages of embryonic development. During G2 and early mitosis, CDC25A/B/C-mediated dephosphorylation activates CDK1/cyclin complexes which phosphorylate several substrates that trigger at least centrosome separation, Golgi dynamics, nuclear envelope breakdown and chromosome condensation. Once chromosomes are condensed and aligned at the metaphase plate, CDK1 activity is switched off by WEE1- and PKMYT1-mediated phosphorylation to allow sister chromatid separation, chromosome decondensation, reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinesis. Inactivated by PKR/EIF2AK2- and WEE1-mediated phosphorylation upon DNA damage to stop cell cycle and genome replication at the G2 checkpoint thus facilitating DNA repair. Reactivated after successful DNA repair through WIP1-dependent signaling leading to CDC25A/B/C- mediated dephosphorylation and restoring cell cycle progression. In proliferating cells, CDK1-mediated FOXO1 phosphorylation at the G2-M phase represses FOXO1 interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and thereby promotes FOXO1 nuclear accumulation and transcription factor activity, leading to cell death of postmitotic neurons. The phosphorylation of beta-tubulins regulates microtubule dynamics during mitosis. NEDD1 phosphorylation promotes PLK1-mediated NEDD1 phosphorylation and subsequent targeting of the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gTuRC) to the centrosome, an important step for spindle formation. In addition, CC2D1A phosphorylation regulates CC2D1A spindle pole localization and association with SCC1/RAD21 and centriole cohesion during mitosis. The phosphorylation of Bcl- xL/BCL2L1 after prolongated G2 arrest upon DNA damage triggers apoptosis. In contrast, CASP8 phosphorylation during mitosis prevents its activation by proteolysis and subsequent apoptosis. This phosphorylation occurs in cancer cell lines, as well as in primary breast tissues and lymphocytes. EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing. CALD1 phosphorylation promotes Schwann cell migration during peripheral nerve regeneration. .

1. Draetta, G.; Piwnica-Worms, H.; Morrison, D.; Druker, B.; Roberts, T.; Beach, D. : Human CDC2 protein kinase is a major cell-cycle regulated tyrosine kinase substrate. Nature 336: 738-744, 1988. 2. Spurr, N. K.; Goodfellow, P. N.; Nurse, P.; Lee, M. : Assignment of the human homologue of the yeast cell cycle control gene CDC2 to chromosome 10. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 46: 698, 1987. 3. Nazarenko, S. A.; Ostroverhova, N. V.; Spurr, N. K. : Regional assignment of the human cell cycle control gene CDC2 to chromosome 10q21 by in situ hybridization. Hum. Genet. 87: 621-622, 1991.

Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Cytoplasmic during the interphase. Colocalizes with SIRT2 on centrosome during prophase and on splindle fibers during metaphase of the mitotic cell cycle. Reversibly translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus when phosphorylated before G2-M transition when associated with cyclin- B1. Accumulates in mitochondria in G2-arrested cells upon DNA- damage.